Serotonin Supplements to Boost Mood Naturally (detailed guide)

Last updated August 28, 2023.
Edited and medically reviewed by Patrick Alban, DC. Written by Deane Alban.

Specific amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and herbs effectively raise serotonin levels, helping to reduce depression and other mental health disorders.

Amino Acid Serotonin-Boosting Supplements

Some of the most widely used supplements for increasing serotonin are amino acids, the building blocks of proteins. 

The first two, tryptophan and 5-HTP, are precursors to serotonin, as illustrated in the image below.

Later, we’ll discuss vitamins and minerals (in the green boxes above) that are cofactors needed to synthesize serotonin.

1. Tryptophan

Tryptophan is an amino acid commonly found in protein-rich foods such as animal products.

Since tryptophan is a precursor to serotonin, eating foods containing tryptophan would seem to be a sound approach to boosting serotonin.

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But surprisingly, less than 1% of tryptophan from food enters the brain, while tryptophan supplements have been shown to effectively increase brain serotonin levels. 

Related on Be Brain Fit —
Use Tryptophan to Boost Serotonin for Better Mental Health

This makes tryptophan supplements a better choice than tryptophan-rich foods for boosting serotonin. 

2. 5-HTP 

5-HTP (5-hydroxytryptophan) is another amino acid that gets converted directly into serotonin, provided the right cofactors are present. 

It naturally occurs in substantial amounts in the seeds of Griffonia simplicifolia, a woody African shrub. 

In the US, Canada, and some European countries, 5-HTP is sold as an over-the-counter supplement most commonly used for depression and appetite suppression, and as a sleep aid. 

Unfortunately, this supplement’s usefulness for depression may be more hype than substance.

A review of 108 studies on 5-HTP revealed that there is still no definitive evidence that it helps depression. 

Tryptophan or 5-HTP? An Ongoing Debate

There’s an ongoing discussion in the natural health community about whether it’s better to take tryptophan or 5-HTP supplements to increase serotonin levels.

Tryptophan more readily enters the brain, but 5-HTP requires one less step to be converted into serotonin.

3. SAM-e 

SAM-e (s-adenosyl methionine) naturally occurs in every cell of the body and brain and fuels over 100 metabolic reactions.

SAM-e is synthetically derived and sold in the US as a supplement.

In Europe, SAM-e is used as a prescription medication for depression, liver disease, and osteoarthritis. 

Several studies have shown that SAM-e works as well for depression as some antidepressant medications by increasing serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine levels. 

It’s particularly helpful for Parkinson’s and schizophrenia patients who also have depression. 

SAM-e should not be taken with drugs that affect serotonin release, including antidepressants, levodopa, Demerol, or Ultram, or the over-the-counter cough remedy Robitussin DM. 

Vitamins and Minerals That Increase Serotonin Levels

Numerous vitamins and minerals are cofactors required to synthesize serotonin.

Here are a few that are integrally connected to serotonin production.

4. Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) 

Vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) must be present to facilitate the conversion of either 5-HTP or tryptophan into serotonin. 

5-HTP and tryptophan supplements often contain B6 for this reason.

5. Folic Acid (vitamin B9)

People suffering from major depression consistently have low blood levels of folic acid, also known as vitamin B9. 

Folic acid deficiency, in turn, can cause low serotonin levels.

6. Vitamin C

Vitamin C is another serotonin cofactor that can act as a natural antidepressant. 

One study found that participants who were given vitamin C reported feeling happier, often within as little as one week. 

Vitamin C is also required to produce dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine — neurotransmitters that boost physical and mental energy and feelings of reward and satisfaction.

7. Vitamin D

Vitamin D, the “sunshine” vitamin, is one of the most important vitamins for the brain and mood.

Deficiency is rampant, with an estimated 1 billion people worldwide having insufficient levels. 

A low level of vitamin D is thought to be responsible for the type of depression known as winter blues, or seasonal affective disorder, that many people feel in the winter. 

Vitamin D regulates the conversion of tryptophan into serotonin. 

If you spend most of your time indoors or live in the northern half of the US, vitamin D supplementation is a must.

Tip: Take vitamin D along with a fish oil supplement. Researchers have discovered that they work synergistically to optimize serotonin levels. 

8. Magnesium

Magnesium is a mineral that’s essential in over 600 different metabolic functions, including nervous system regulation. 

Magnesium deficiency is linked to lower serotonin levels. 

Patients treated with magnesium supplements have experienced rapid recovery from major depressive disorder. 

Besides improving mood, magnesium has also been found to increase focus and concentration, energy, and resilience to stress. 

Magnesium deficiency is widespread, with up to 75% of Americans not getting enough. 

Food-Based Supplements That Raise Serotonin Levels

There are a few serotonin-boosting compounds that naturally occur in food.

Theoretically, you could raise your serotonin level from diet alone if you consumed enough of the right foods, but that’s often not practical.

Instead, you can take supplements that are derived from these serotonin-boosting foods. 

10. L-Theanine

L-theanine is a brain health-promoting amino acid found almost exclusively in true teas — white, green, oolong, and black — that come from the leaves of the Camilla sinensis plant.

L-theanine increases brain levels of serotonin and can improve resilience to stress.

It has the unique ability to increase alpha brainwave activity, inducing a brainwave state similar to that achieved during meditation. 

You can get l-theanine by drinking tea or taking a theanine supplement.

11. Omega-3s

Omega-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) are found mainly in cold-water, fatty fish like salmon and mackerel.

Omega-3s are one of the most important groups of nutrients for overall brain health and function.

They’re essential for building healthy brain cells and promoting new brain cell formation. 

People with low serotonin levels commonly have low levels of omega-3 EFAs.

Two major types of omega-3s are DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), both of which are involved with serotonin activity.

DHA makes serotonin receptors more receptive, while EPA increases the release of serotonin from neurons. 

12. Probiotics

Probiotics are health-promoting bacteria found in fermented foods like yogurt, kefir, and unpasteurized sauerkraut.

They can help establish a normal balance between good and bad bacteria in the intestines, and that is surprisingly relevant to the health and function of the brain.

Interestingly, 90% of the body’s total serotonin is synthesized in the intestines, not in the brain. 

An overabundance of bad bacteria in the gut is called dysbiosis and creates toxic byproducts called lipopolysaccharides.

Lipopolysaccharides have numerous negative effects on mental health, including lowered serotonin levels. 

Probiotic supplements can help if you don’t regularly eat fermented foods.

13. Curcumin

Curcumin is the active ingredient in the spice turmeric which has many brain-healthy properties.

This compound increases levels of both serotonin and dopamine. 

Curcumin supplements have proven to be as effective for depression as the antidepressant Prozac. 

Isolated curcumin is not well utilized by the body, so look for a curcumin supplement that has enhanced bioavailability.

Most commonly, curcumin supplements contain piperine, a compound found in black pepper that increases curcumin absorption by up to 2,000%. 

14. Garcinia Cambogia

Garcinia cambogia is a sour tropical fruit that’s used in traditional Asian cuisine.

Garcinia extract has become a popular weight loss supplement that purportedly works by decreasing appetite while increasing the body’s ability to burn fat.

Studies show that it’s minimally effective as a fat burner, but it does suppress appetite by increasing serotonin levels. 

It may also help with weight loss by improving mood, thereby reducing emotional eating.

If you are taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for depression, do not take garcinia as this combination can lead to serotonin toxicity. 

15. Rhodiola Rosea

Rhodiola rosea goes by many common names — Arctic root, golden root, rose root, western roseroot, Aaron’s rod, and king’s crown — to name a few. 

And it has almost as many uses as it has names.

Rhodiola has been used since the time of the ancient Greeks to boost overall physical and mental vitality.

It’s considered an adaptogen, a natural substance that increases resistance to stress. 

By increasing serotonin, Rhodiola rosea helps with a wide range of brain-related disorders, including depression, anxiety, seasonal affective disorder (SAD), and memory loss.

It has virtually no negative side effects and can reduce depression more quickly than antidepressant medications. 

Rhodiola boosts physical energy, so if you have brain fog, trouble concentrating, low energy with depression, or stress-induced fatigue, Rhodiola is an excellent herb to consider.

Safety Warning When Using Supplements to Boost Serotonin

Pharmaceutical medications such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) all work by increasing serotonin levels in the brain.

While the serotonin supplements we’ve discussed are safe on their own, not all of them can safely be taken with prescription antidepressants or with each other.

It’s possible to raise your serotonin level too high, putting you at risk of a potentially dangerous condition known as serotonin syndrome. 

Symptoms of serotonin syndrome include high fever, irregular heartbeat, and seizures.

Warning: If you experience any of these symptoms or suspect you have serotonin syndrome, seek medical attention immediately. 

While most serotonin-boosting supplements will not cause this problem, three that can are the amino acids tryptophan, 5-HTP, and SAM-e.

Many people are tempted to use these supplements to wean themselves off their antidepressant medication, not realizing the hazards of combining these substances.

It is not safe to mix these supplements with prescription antidepressants or with each other. 

Serotonin syndrome should be taken very seriously since symptoms range from mild to fatal.

Prescription antidepressants aren’t the only drugs that can raise serotonin levels too high.

To confirm if any drugs you’re now taking can contribute to high serotonin levels, review or download Medications That Raise Serotonin Levels, a comprehensive list of prescription medications created for us by the consumer advocacy organization Drugwatch.com.

If you have any doubts as to whether you should be taking any of these supplements, we urge you to talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or other knowledgeable healthcare professional.